Electromagnetic connector for an industrial control system

ABSTRACT

An electromagnetic connector is disclosed that is configured to form a first magnetic circuit portion comprising multiple coils disposed about a first core member. The electromagnetic connector is configured to mate with a second electromagnetic connector that is configured to form a second magnetic circuit portion comprising a coil disposed about a second core member. When the electromagnetic connector is mated with the second electromagnetic connector, the first core member and the second core member are configured to couple the multiple coils of the electromagnetic connector to the coil of the second electromagnetic connector with a magnetic circuit formed from the first magnetic circuit portion and the second magnetic circuit portion. The magnetic circuit is configured to induce a signal in a first coil of the multiple coils and the coil of the second electromagnetic connector when a second coil of the multiple coils is energized.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation under 35 U.S.C. §120 of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 13/959,888, filed Aug. 6, 2013, and titled“ELECTROMAGNETIC CONNECTOR,” which itself is a continuation-in-partunder 35 U.S.C. §120 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/875,858,filed May 2, 2013, and titled “Electromagnetic Connectors;” U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/341,176, filed Dec. 30, 2011, and titled“COMMUNICATIONS CONTROL SYSTEM WITH A SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACEAND A PARALLEL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE;” U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/341,161, filed Dec. 30, 2011, and titled “SWITCH FABRIC HAVING ASERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE AND A PARALLEL COMMUNICATIONSINTERFACE;” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/341,143, filed Dec.30, 2011, and titled “ELECTROMAGNETIC CONNECTOR.” U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/959,888 is also a continuation-in-part ofInternational Application No. PCT/US2012/072056, filed Dec. 28, 2012,and titled, “ELECTROMAGNETIC CONNECTOR AND COMMUNICATIONS/CONTROLSYSTEM/SWITCH FABRIC WITH SERIAL AND PARALLEL COMMUNICATIONSINTERFACES.” U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 13/959,888; 13/875,858;13/341,176; 13/341,161; and Ser. No. 13/341,143; and InternationalApplication No. PCT/US2012/072056 are herein incorporated by referencein their entireties.

BACKGROUND

Electrical connectors are mechanical assemblies used to complete anelectrical circuit or join two or more electrical circuits together.Plug and socket type electrical connectors generally include a male plugand a female receptacle, with multiple pin or prong contacts in the maleplug configured for insertion into openings in a mating socket of thefemale receptacle. Multi-pin connectors employ multiple metal pins.Thus, the connections between mating metal parts (e.g., pins andsockets) must be capable of furnishing good electrical connections tocomplete the electrical circuits. For example, multi-pin connectors areused as interconnects in Industrial Control Systems (ICS)/ProcessControl Systems (PCS) to connect Input/Output (I/O) devices to powerand/or communications signal transmission circuitry. Such circuitry maybe used by, for instance, a power backplane, where multiple electricalconnectors are connected in parallel to a common electrical powersupply. Other types of electrical connectors include: Eight Positions,Eight Conductors (8P8C) modular connectors used for Ethernet andCategory 5 (CATS) cables; D subminiature connectors used for RecommendedStandard 232 (RS-232) modem serial ports, computers, telecommunications,test/measurement instruments, monitors, joysticks, mice, and gameconsoles; Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectors, including Type A, TypeB, Mini-A, Mini-B, Micro-A, and Micro-B connectors used for interfacingdevices; electrical power connectors, such as Alternating Current (AC)power plugs and sockets (e.g., plugs having protruding prongs, blades,and/or pins that fit into matching slots and/or holes in sockets,receptacles, outlets, power points, and so forth), and Direct Current(DC) connectors, such as coaxial power connectors; as well as RadioFrequency (RF) connectors for transmitting RF signals; and the like.

SUMMARY

In one or more implementations, a device is disclosed that includesmultiple electrical circuits and an electromagnetic connector configuredto form a first magnetic circuit portion that comprises a first coremember and multiple coils disposed about the first core member.Respective ones of the multiple coils are configured to separatelyconnect to a corresponding one of the multiple electrical circuits. Theelectromagnetic connector is configured to mate with a secondelectromagnetic connector, where the second electromagnetic connector isconfigured to form a second magnetic circuit portion that comprises asecond core member and a coil disposed about the second core member.When the electromagnetic connector is mated with the secondelectromagnetic connector, the first core member and the second coremember are configured to couple the multiple coils of theelectromagnetic connector to the coil of the second electromagneticconnector with a magnetic circuit formed from the first magnetic circuitportion and the second magnetic circuit portion. The magnetic circuit isconfigured to induce a signal in a first coil of the multiple coils andthe coil of the second electromagnetic connector when a second coil ofthe multiple coils is energized (e.g., in the manner of a passive hub).

This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the DetailedDescription. This Summary is not intended to identify key features oressential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended tobe used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subjectmatter.

DRAWINGS

The Detailed Description is described with reference to the accompanyingfigures. The use of the same reference numbers in different instances inthe description and the figures may indicate similar or identical items.

FIG. 1 is an isometric view illustrating a connector assembly comprisinga first electromagnetic connector mated with a second electromagneticconnector, where the first electromagnetic connector includes first andsecond coils disposed about a first core member, and the secondelectromagnetic connector includes another coil disposed about a secondcore member, and where the first and second electromagnetic connectorsform a magnetic circuit configured to induce a signal in the first coilof the first electromagnetic connector and the coil of the secondelectromagnetic connector when the second coil of the firstelectromagnetic connector is energized (e.g., in the manner of a passivehub) in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of an electromagnetic connectorincluding multiple coils separately connected to multiple electricalcircuits in accordance with an example embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 3 is a partial diagrammatic illustration of a system includingmultiple communications channels connected together with a passive hubformed using electromagnetic connectors, such as the electromagneticconnector illustrated in FIG. 2, in accordance with an exampleembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a partial diagrammatic illustration of a system includingelectrical circuits fabricated on a printed circuit board, where eachone of the electrical circuits is separately connected to anelectromagnetic connector supported by the printed circuit board, suchas the electromagnetic connector illustrated in FIG. 2, in accordancewith example embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional end view of a system including a module(e.g., an industrial element) configured to couple with a backplaneusing electromagnetic connectors in accordance with an exampleembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5B is a partial cross-sectional end view of the system illustratedin FIG. 5A, where the electromagnetic connectors are mated to couple themodule to the backplane.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Overview

Multi-pin connectors are typically used in industrial controlsystems/process control systems to connect I/O devices to power and/orcommunications signal transmission circuitry included with a powerbackplane. The pin interconnects provide high precision signalresolution and are often constructed from high quality materials, suchas hardened steel with gold plating, and so forth. Care must be takenwhen connecting and disconnecting multi-pin connectors to avoid bendingor misaligning the various pins. Additionally, in both industrialsettings and in the field, pin interconnects are often exposed tocorrosive materials and contaminants, and may be subject to oxidationand coating, leading to intermittent failures. The nature and cause ofthe failures may be difficult and costly to determine. Thus, multi-pinconnectors are generally a high cost and high maintenance component ofindustrial control systems hardware.

Industrial control systems/process control systems may also requiregalvanic isolation between I/O devices and associated power transmissionand control equipment. For example, I/O devices typically usetransformers and/or optical equipment for signal transmission toelectrically isolate the I/O devices, prevent ground loops, and soforth. Industrial systems may provide a backplane for power and/orcommunications signal transmission, with pluggable I/O devices connectedto the backplane. Each pluggable I/O device may use multi-pin connectorsfor both power and communications transmissions, along with Pulse-WidthModulation (PWM)/Pulse-Duration Modulation (PDM) and a power transformerto achieve isolation between the backplane and the I/O devices. Forexample, the backplane may use a DC power source and connectors todeliver DC signals to the I/O devices. Each I/O device may then use aPWM to convert the DC signals to AC and a transformer to deliver thepower/communications signals to circuitry. The use of the high qualitymulti-pin connectors, PWM circuitry, and power transformers increasesthe cost and complexity of the I/O devices.

Accordingly, electromagnetic connector assemblies are described thatemploy electromagnetic connectors which form portions of a magneticcircuit. One or more of the electromagnetic connectors comprises a coremember and multiple coils disposed about the core member. Inimplementations, the electromagnetic connectors are configured to matewith other electromagnetic connectors so that, when one electromagneticconnector is mated with another electromagnetic connector, the coremembers of the connectors couple the coils of the first connector to oneor more coils of the second connector to complete the magnetic circuit.When one coil of the multiple coils is energized, the magnetic circuitis configured to induce a signal in another coil of the multiple coilsand one or more coils of the second connector. Further, when a coil ofthe second connector is energized, a signal is induced in the multiplecoils of the first connector. In this manner, an electromagneticconnector assembly can be used in the manner of a passive hub.Electromagnetic connectors can be used to facilitate communicationsbetween, for example, an I/O module and a backplane.

Electromagnetic connectors configured in accordance with the presentdisclosure need not necessarily require precision contact, pressure,and/or alignment to complete the magnetic circuit linking the tightlycoupled coils. In implementations, the electromagnetic connectors can beused in industrial control systems having a power backplane/busconfiguration. For example, the electromagnetic connectors can be usedwith one or more I/O modules in place of the PWM, separate powertransformer, and associated transistors that would otherwise be requiredfor each I/O module to maintain isolation between the I/O modules andthe power backplane. The electromagnetic connectors can also be used inplace of multi-pin connectors for communications and/or power signaltransmission. Eliminating multiple PWM's, power transformers,transistors, and multi-pin connectors can provide a significant cost andspace savings for this type of configuration, along with increasedgalvanic isolation between sensor and control components. Further,contactless interconnection for signal transmission can provide moreenvironmentally robust structures, reducing or eliminating fieldfailures due to corrosion, pin misalignment, and so forth.

In one or more implementations, the electromagnetic connector assembliesare employed in a system that includes a backplane for distributing anAC signal. The system can include a number of electromagnetic connectorscoupled with the backplane. As described herein, the electromagneticconnectors comprise a core member and one or more coils disposed of thecore member (e.g., as previously described). Each one of theelectromagnetic connectors is configured to mate with anotherelectromagnetic connector, which can be included within a module. Whenthe electromagnetic connectors are mated, the coils are coupled via amagnetic circuit. The magnetic circuit is configured to induce a signalin one or more coils of the module when a coil of the backplane, oranother coil of the module, is energized. Further, when a coil of themodule is energized, the magnetic circuit is configured to induce asignal in one or more coils of the backplane. The backplane can be usedto power and/or furnish communications with circuitry of the module.

The system can be configured for an industrial control system/processcontrol system having a multidrop power backplane/bus configuration thattransmits high frequency AC power using DC-to-AC (DC/AC) conversioncircuitry and distributed transformers, with electromagnetic connectorsconfigured as previously described. A system configured in accordancewith the present disclosure can eliminate the use of a separate PWM foreach I/O device, replacing multiple PWMs with, for example, a single PWMlocated on the backplane. Thus, a typical connector and powertransformer configuration can be replaced with magnetic circuits (e.g.,tightly coupled transformers). Each magnetic circuit can be configuredas two portions (e.g., halves) of a transformer, where one portion(e.g., half) of the transformer is located in each module, and the otherportion (e.g., half) is located in the backplane. The portion of thetransformer in the backplane can comprise, for example, the primary coiland a portion of the core. The portion of the transformer in each modulecan comprise the secondary coil and a mating core. Electrical power inthe primary coil is extracted by the secondary coil, and can then berectified and used to power and/or communicate with circuitry in eachmodule.

A system configured in accordance with the present disclosure can beimplemented as a communications control system that includes a switchfabric having a serial communications interface (e.g., a serial orMultidrop Bus (MDB) with a master and multiple slaves) and a parallelcommunications interface (e.g., a parallel or point-to-point busimplemented using a cross switch, or the like). The serialcommunications interface and the parallel communications interface canbe used for connecting multiple Input/Output (I/O) modules tocommunications/control modules, and to one another.

Example Implementations

FIGS. 1 through 5 illustrate example electromagnetic connectors 100 ofconnector assemblies 102 in accordance with example implementations ofthe present disclosure. The electromagnetic connectors 100 can be usedin any application where it is desirable to couple electrical circuitstogether for transmitting electrical signals and/or electrical powerfrom one circuit to another, while maintaining isolation between thecircuits. For instance, the electromagnetic connectors 100 can be usedin applications including, but not necessarily limited to: industrialcontrol systems/process control systems (e.g., to connect I/O deviceswith power and/or communications signal transmission circuitry),telecommunications (e.g., for audio, broadband, video, and/or voicetransmission), information/data communications (e.g., for connectingcomputer networking equipment, such as Ethernet equipment, modems, andso forth), computer hardware interconnection (e.g., for connectingperipherals, such as joysticks, keyboards, mice, monitors, and so on),game consoles, test/measurement instruments, electrical power connectors(e.g., for power transmission from AC mains), and the like.

Each one of the electromagnetic connectors 100 is configured to form amagnetic circuit portion 104, which includes a core member 106 and oneor more coils 108 disposed about (e.g., around and/or within) the coremember 106. For the purposes of the present disclosure, it should benoted that “core member” is used to refer to an incomplete part of amagnetic core, which is completed by another core member when theelectromagnetic connectors 100 are coupled together. Eachelectromagnetic connector 100 is configured to mate with anotherelectromagnetic connector 100 of a connector assembly 102 fortransmitting power and/or communications signals between components thatare connected via the electromagnetic connectors 100. For example, afirst I-shaped or E-shaped core member 106 of an electromagneticconnector 100 is configured to mate with a second I-shaped or E-shapedcore member 106 of another electromagnetic connector 100 to transmitcommunications signals between the first electromagnetic connector 100and the second electromagnetic connector 100.

In implementations where one core member 106 is configured to contactanother core member 106, the contact surfaces may be substantially flat,but this configuration is provided by way of example only and is notmeant to limit the present disclosure. Thus, other implementations maybe provided, including implementations designed to increase the surfacearea of contact between core members and/or to provide self-alignment ofthe core members (e.g., by configuring a portion of one core member forinsertion into another core member). For example, one core membercomprises a tapered pin configured for insertion into a tapered hole ofanother core member, where the outside periphery and/or an end of thetapered pin is configured to contact a portion of the interior walland/or a bottom surface of the tapered hole. In some embodiments,electromagnetic connectors 100 furnish an interference fitconfiguration, e.g., where one or more coils 108 are disposed around afirst core member 106, and one or more other coils 108 are disposedwithin a second core member 106. The interference fit can be establishedusing connectors having geometries including, but not necessarilylimited to: conical, concentric, eccentric, geometric, sloped forfriction fit, and so forth.

In embodiments of the disclosure, the first core member 106 is notnecessarily configured to contact the second core member 106 when thefirst electromagnetic connector 100 is mated with the secondelectromagnetic connector 100. One or more gaps may be provided betweenvarious points of a particular pair of mating core members 106. Forexample, as illustrated in FIG. 1, in an embodiment with two I-shapedcore members 106, an air gap AG is provided between the first I-shapedcore member 106 and the second I-shaped core member 106. For example, afirst core member 106 is supported proximal to, but not necessarily inelectrical contact with, a second core member 106. Further, an air gapAG may be provided by mating an E-shaped core member 106 with a C-shapedcore member, a U-shaped core member, an I-shaped core member, and soforth. For example, the middle leg of one E-shaped core member can beconfigured to extend through both a first circuit board with a firstcoil comprising a planar winding, and a second circuit board with secondcoil comprising a planar winding, where the outer legs of the E-shapedcore member are configured to contact the legs of another U-shaped coremember. In this configuration, the coil disposed of the U-shaped coremember can be positioned between the legs of the “U.” However, planarwindings are provided by way of example only and are not meant to berestrictive of the present disclosure. Thus, a coil 108 may compriseother windings, such as insulated copper windings wrapped around orwithin a core member 106, and so forth.

It should be noted that while the core members 106 are shown as I-shapedand E-shaped in the accompanying figures, these shapes are provided byway of example only and are not meant to limit the present disclosure.Thus, a core member 106 and/or the combined form of two mating coremembers 106 may comprise other shapes and/or core geometries, includingbut not necessarily limited to: a “C”/“U” core, an “EFD” core, an “EP”core, an “ER” core, a pot core, a toroidal core, a ring/bead core, andso forth. For example, the shape of a core member 106 may be selectedbased upon a coupling/operating frequency. Further, a core member 106can be implemented as a planar core (e.g., with a planar winding). Inimplementations, the core member 106 may be formed in or on a circuitboard, e.g., along with a coil 108 formed as a planar winding, such thatthe core member 106 is electrically insulated from the coil 108 by oneor more portions of the circuit board.

One or more core members 106 of the electromagnetic connectors 100 canbe formed from an iron slurry material. However, this material isprovided by way of example only and is not meant to limit the presentdisclosure. Thus, a core member 106 may comprise any material having amagnetic permeability suitable for confining and guiding magnetic fieldsgenerated by a coil 108, including, but not necessarily limited to: softmagnetic materials (i.e., magnetic materials with low hysteresis, suchas silicon steel), ferromagnetic metals (e.g., iron), ferrimagneticcompounds (e.g., ferrites), and so forth.

One or more coils 108 of the first electromagnetic connector 100 can betightly coupled to one or more coils 108 of the second electromagneticconnector 100 with a magnetic circuit formed from the magnetic circuitportion 104 of the first electromagnetic connector 100 and the magneticcircuit portion 104 of the second electromagnetic connector 100. Themagnetic circuit is configured to induce a signal in one or more of thecoils 108 of the first electromagnetic connector 100 when one or more ofthe coils 108 of the second electromagnetic connector 100 is energized,and to induce a signal in one or more of the coils 108 of the secondelectromagnetic connector 100 when one or more of the coils 108 of thefirst electromagnetic connector 100 is energized, allowing power and/orcommunications signals to be transmitted between components that areconnected via the electromagnetic connectors 100. In implementations,the coils 108 can be tightly coupled (e.g., using an iron core toprovide a coupling coefficient of about one (1)), critically coupled(e.g., where energy transfer in the passband is optimal), or overcoupled(e.g., where a secondary coil is close enough to a primary coil tocollapse the primary coil's field).

In implementations, one or both of the core members 106 and/or coils 108can be at least partially (e.g., fully or partially) mechanicallyencased within one or more layers of material. Further, in someembodiments, one or more layers of material (e.g., a protective layer110) are disposed of the first core member 106 for separating the firstcore member 106 from the second core member 106 when the firstelectromagnetic connector 100 is mated with the second electromagneticconnector 100. The protective layer 110 can be fabricated of anon-conductive/insulating material, such as a coating of thin filmplastic material. The protective layer (e.g., non-conductive/insulatingmaterial) can be applied using techniques including, but not necessarilylimited to: coating, painting, deposition, and so forth. In someembodiments, the protective layer 110 comprises a layer of fiveone-thousandths inch (0.005 in.) thick Lexan. In embodiments of thedisclosure, the protective layer 110 is configured to protect the coremember 106 and/or the coil 108 of the electromagnetic connector 100 fromcorrosion, mechanical damage (e.g., fracture), and so forth. Encasementmay be especially useful when a core member 106 is constructed from abrittle material. For instance, the core member 106 can be tightlyencased in a protective layer formed of a plastic material. In thismanner, when damage to the core member (e.g., cracks or breaks in thecore member) occurs, the pieces of material can be maintained insubstantial contact with one another within the casing. Thus, damage tothe core material may not significantly decrease performance.

FIGS. 2 through 5 illustrate systems 112 in accordance with exampleimplementations of the present disclosure that are configured for usewith process control systems technology, and so forth. For example, asystem 112 is illustrated that may be used with a distributed controlsystem comprised of controller elements and subsystems, where thesubsystems are controlled by one or more controllers distributedthroughout the system. The system 112 can include a switch fabriccomprising a serial communications interface and/or a parallelcommunications interface for furnishing communications between one ormore backplanes 114 and one or more modules 116. Each backplane 114 hasa number of electromagnetic connectors 100, where each one of theelectromagnetic connectors 100 includes a core member 106 and one ormore coils 108 disposed of the core member 106 (e.g., as previouslydescribed). Each one of the electromagnetic connectors 100 included witha backplane 114 is configured to mate with another electromagneticconnector 100 included with a module 116, such as an industrial element,and so forth. For example, the system 112 can be implemented withelectromagnetic connector 100 interconnects in an Industrial ControlSystem (ICS)/Process Control System (PCS) to connect I/O devices topower and/or communications signal transmission circuitry.

When the electromagnetic connectors 100 are mated, a core member 106 ofthe backplane 114 and a core member 106 of a module 116 are configuredto couple the coils 108 via the magnetic circuit. The magnetic circuitis configured to induce a signal in one or more coils 108 of the module116 when a coil 108 of backplane 114 is energized (e.g., with an ACsignal from a DC/AC converter). The signal induced in coils 108 of themodule 116 can be used to power and/or furnish communications with oneor more electrical circuits 118, as shown in FIG. 2. It should be notedthat while the backplane 114 is described as inducing a signal in themodule 116, this implementation is provided by way of example only andis not meant to be restrictive of the present disclosure. Thus, themagnetic circuit can also be used to induce a signal in one or morecoils 108 of the backplane 114 when a coil 108 of module 116 isenergized to furnish communications with backplane 114. Further, thecoils 108 included with mating electromagnetic connectors 100 can beenergized in an alternating sequence (e.g., one after another) toprovide bidirectional communication, and so forth.

In embodiments of the disclosure, the module 116 and/or the backplane114 includes multiple electrical circuits 118, where two or more of theelectrical circuits 118 each separately connect to a coil 108 disposedabout a core member 106 of an electromagnetic connector 100. In thismanner, communications between the backplane 114 and one or more modules116 can be implemented in the manner of a passive hub 120. For example,the backplane 114 and the module 116 can communicate using multiplecommunications channels 122, each of which can be implemented using, forinstance, a controller 124 (e.g., a microcontroller), as shown in FIG.3. When a coil 108 disposed in the backplane 114 is energized, a signalis induced in each coil 108 associated with each communications channel122 of the module 116. Further, when a coil 108 disposed in the module116 is energized, a signal is induced in one or more coils 108associated with the backplane 114. In this manner, communication isfurnished between multiple controllers 124. In embodiments of thedisclosure, two or more of the electrical circuits 118 are at leastsubstantially identical (e.g., identical, electrically equivalent, andso forth) to provide redundancy within the backplane 114 and/or a module116.

In some implementations, the electrical circuits 118 are implemented ina single, monolithic printed circuit board (PCB) 126, e.g., withmultiple I-shaped and/or E-shaped core members 106 and coils 108 ofelectromagnetic connectors 100 supported by the PCB 126, as shown inFIG. 4. In implementations, the core members can be mechanicallyisolated from the PCB 126 (e.g., not touching the PCB 126). However,this configuration is provided by way of example only and is not meantto be restrictive of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, one ormore biasing members 128 (e.g., a spring) are included for biasing acore member 106, as shown in FIG. 5B. For example, in the illustratedembodiment, a core member 106 is biased towards another core member 106.However, in other embodiments, a core member 106 is biased away fromanother core member 106, biased into alignment with another core member106, and so forth.

The system 112 can be configured for connecting one or more I/O modules116 (e.g., as slave devices) and transmitting data to and from the I/Omodules 116. The I/O modules 116 can comprise input modules, outputmodules, and/or input and output modules. For instance, input modulescan be used to receive information from input instruments in the processor the field, while output modules can be used to transmit instructionsto output instruments in the field. For example, an I/O module 116 canbe connected to a process sensor, such as a sensor for measuringpressure in piping for a gas plant, a refinery, and so forth. Inimplementations, the I/O modules 116 can be used to collect data andcontrol systems in applications including, but not necessarily limitedto: industrial processes, such as manufacturing, production, powergeneration, fabrication, and refining; infrastructure processes, such aswater treatment and distribution, wastewater collection and treatment,oil and gas pipelines, electrical power transmission and distribution,wind farms, and large communication systems; facility processes forbuildings, airports, ships, and space stations (e.g., to monitor andcontrol Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) equipment andenergy consumption); large campus industrial process plants, such as oiland gas, refining, chemical, pharmaceutical, food and beverage, waterand wastewater, pulp and paper, utility power, mining, metals; and/orcritical infrastructures.

In implementations, the I/O module 116 can be configured to convertanalog data received from the sensor to digital data (e.g., usingAnalog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) circuitry, and so forth). An I/Omodule 116 can also be connected to a motor and configured to controlone or more operating characteristics of the motor, such as motor speed,motor torque, and so forth. Further, the I/O module 116 can beconfigured to convert digital data to analog data for transmission tothe motor (e.g., using Digital-to-Analog (DAC) circuitry, and so forth).In implementations, one or more of the I/O modules 116 can comprise acommunications module configured for communicating via a communicationssub-bus, such as an Ethernet bus, an H1 field bus, a Process Field Bus(PROFIBUS), a Highway Addressable Remote Transducer (HART) bus, aModbus, and so forth. Further, two or more of the I/O modules 116 can beused to provide fault tolerant and redundant connections for acommunications sub-bus.

Each I/O module 116 can be provided with a unique identifier (ID) fordistinguishing one I/O module 116 from another I/O module 116. Inimplementations, an I/O module 116 can be identified by its ID when itis connected to the system 112. Multiple I/O modules 116 can be usedwith the system 112 to provide redundancy. For example, two or more I/Omodules 116 can be connected to a sensor and/or a motor. Each I/O module116 can include one or more ports 130 furnishing a physical connectionto hardware and circuitry included with the I/O module 116, such as thePCB 126, and so forth.

One or more of the I/O modules 116 can include an interface forconnecting to other networks, including but not necessarily limited to:a wide-area cellular telephone network, such as a 3G cellular network, a4G cellular network, or a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM)network; a wireless computer communications network, such as a Wi-Finetwork (e.g., a Wireless LAN (WLAN) operated using IEEE 802.11 networkstandards); a Personal Area Network (PAN) (e.g., a Wireless PAN (WPAN)operated using IEEE 802.15 network standards); a Wide Area Network(WAN); an intranet; an extranet; an internet; the Internet; and so on.Further, one or more of the I/O modules 116 can include a connection forconnecting an I/O module 116 to a computer bus, and so forth.

Data transmitted by the system 112 can be packetized, i.e., discreteportions of the data can be converted into data packets comprising thedata portions along with network control information, and so forth. Thesystem 112 can use one or more protocols for data transmission,including a bit-oriented synchronous data link layer protocol such asHigh-Level Data Link Control (HDLC). In a specific instance, the system112 can implement HDLC according to an International Organization forStandardization (ISO) 13239 standard, or the like. Further, two or moresystems 112 can be used to implement redundant HDLC. However, it shouldbe noted that HDLC is provided by way of example only and is not meantto be restrictive of the present disclosure. Thus, the system 112 canuse other various communications protocols in accordance with thepresent disclosure.

Referring now to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the backplane 114 and the module 116include two (2) E-core connector assemblies 102 and three (3) I-coreconnector assemblies 102. The E-core connector assemblies 102 aresubstantially identical, where one serves as a primary source of powerfor the module 116 and the other serves as a backup source of power forthe module 116. With reference to the three I-core connector assemblies102, one provides high-frequency communication from the backplane 114 tothe module 116, one provides high-speed communication from the module116 to the backplane 114, and one provides relatively lower frequencybidirectional communication for monitoring and/or supervisory functions.As shown, each I-core electromagnetic connector 100 disposed in a module116 has five (5) windings, with one (1) winding included with an I-coreelectromagnetic connector 100 disposed in the backplane 114. The I-coreelectromagnetic connectors 100 form connector assemblies 102 comprisingmulti-winding transformers with impedances balanced between the variousloads. However, the use of two electromagnetic power transfer assembliesand three electromagnetic communication assemblies is provided by way ofexample only and is not meant to limit the present disclosure. In otherembodiments, fewer or more such assemblies are provided.

Conclusion

Although the subject matter has been described in language specific tostructural features and/or process operations, it is to be understoodthat the subject matter defined in the appended claims is notnecessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above.Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed asexample forms of implementing the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An electromagnetic connector configured to form afirst magnetic circuit portion of a passive hub, the electromagneticconnector comprising: a first core member including at least one of amagnetic material, a ferromagnetic material, or a ferrimagneticmaterial; and a coil disposed about the first core member, the coilconfigured to connect to an electrical circuit, the electromagneticconnector configured to mate with a second electromagnetic connector,the second electromagnetic connector configured to form a secondmagnetic circuit portion, the second electromagnetic connectorcomprising a second core member and a plurality of coils disposed aboutthe second core member, the first core member and the second core memberconfigured to couple the plurality of coils to the coil with a magneticcircuit formed from the first magnetic circuit portion and the secondmagnetic circuit portion when the electromagnetic connector is matedwith the second electromagnetic connector, the magnetic circuitconfigured to induce a communications signal in a first coil of theplurality of coils and the coil when a second coil of the plurality ofcoils is energized.
 2. The electromagnetic connector as recited in claim1, wherein the electrical circuit is fabricated on a printed circuitboard.
 3. The electromagnetic connector as recited in claim 2, whereinthe printed circuit board is configured to support the first core memberand the coil.
 4. The electromagnetic connector as recited in claim 1,further comprising at least one layer of material disposed of the firstcore member for separating the first core member from the second coremember when the electromagnetic connector is mated with the secondelectromagnetic connector.
 5. The electromagnetic connector as recitedin claim 1, wherein the first core member comprises an I-shaped coremember.
 6. The electromagnetic connector as recited in claim 5, whereinthe I-shaped core member is configured to mate with a second I-shapedcore member.
 7. A device comprising: an electrical circuit; and anelectromagnetic connector configured to form a first magnetic circuitportion of a passive hub, the electromagnetic connector comprising afirst core member and a coil disposed about the first core member, thefirst core member including at least one of a magnetic material, aferromagnetic material, or a ferrimagnetic material, the coil configuredto connect to the electrical circuit, the electromagnetic connectorconfigured to mate with a second electromagnetic connector, the secondelectromagnetic connector configured to form a second magnetic circuitportion, the second electromagnetic connector comprising a second coremember and a plurality of coils disposed about the second core member,the first core member and the second core member configured to couplethe plurality of coils to the coil with a magnetic circuit formed fromthe first magnetic circuit portion and the second magnetic circuitportion when the electromagnetic connector is mated with the secondelectromagnetic connector, the magnetic circuit configured to induce acommunications signal in a first coil of the plurality of coils and thecoil when a second coil of the plurality of coils is energized.
 8. Thedevice as recited in claim 7, further comprising a printed circuitboard, wherein the electrical circuit is fabricated on the printedcircuit board.
 9. The device as recited in claim 8, wherein the printedcircuit board is configured to support the first core member and thecoil.
 10. The device as recited in claim 7, further comprising at leastone layer of material disposed of at least one of the first core memberor the second core member for separating the first core member from thesecond core member when the first electromagnetic connector is matedwith the second electromagnetic connector.
 11. The device as recited inclaim 7, wherein at least one of the first core member or the secondcore member comprises an I-shaped core member.
 12. The device as recitedin claim 11, wherein at least the other one of the at least one of thefirst core member or the second core member comprises a second I-shapedcore member configured to mate with the I-shaped core member.
 13. Anindustrial control system comprising: an industrial element comprising aplurality of electrical circuits and a first electromagnetic connectorconfigured to form a first magnetic circuit portion, the firstelectromagnetic connector comprising a first core member and at leastone coil disposed about the first core member, the at least one coilconfigured to connect to an electrical circuit; a backplane comprising asecond electromagnetic connector, the second electromagnetic connectorconfigured to form a second magnetic circuit portion, the secondelectromagnetic connector comprising a second core member and at leastone coil disposed about the second core member; and a passive hub formedby mating the first electromagnetic connector with the secondelectromagnetic connector, the first core member and the second coremember configured to couple the at least one coil of the industrialelement to the at least one coil of the backplane with a magneticcircuit formed from the first magnetic circuit portion and the secondmagnetic circuit portion when the first electromagnetic connector ismated with the second electromagnetic connector, at least one of the atleast one coil of the industrial element or the at least one coil of thebackplane comprising a second coil, the magnetic circuit configured toinduce a signal in the at least one coil of the industrial element andthe at least one coil of the backplane when the second coil isenergized.
 14. The industrial control system as recited in claim 13,further comprising a printed circuit board, wherein the electricalcircuit is fabricated on the printed circuit board.
 15. The industrialcontrol system as recited in claim 14, wherein the printed circuit boardis configured to support the first core member and the at least one coilof the industrial element.
 16. The industrial control system as recitedin claim 13, further comprising at least one layer of material disposedof at least one of the first core member or the second core member forseparating the first core member from the second core member when thefirst electromagnetic connector is mated with the second electromagneticconnector.
 17. The industrial control system as recited in claim 13,wherein at least one of the first core member or the second core membercomprises an I-shaped core member.
 18. The industrial control system asrecited in claim 17, wherein at least the other one of the at least oneof the first core member or the second core member comprises a secondI-shaped core member configured to mate with the I-shaped core member.